Prerequisites: graduate standing or consent of instructor

Description: Introduction to the scholarly handling of texts, including inscriptions, manuscripts, archival documents, and electronic material. Instruction in methodologies, tools, sources, and in the editing and use of texts in history. Analysis of archival structure and organization, and of textual authorship, provenance, paleography, language, internal structure, and variants. E. Russian; F. Early Modern Europe. Each segment is repeatable to a maximum of 12 units.