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SuUg3:A_HB@#J0qC s] y]ui_ۚڃ@$FuեU约9 4,лtuewڳR9dظl+fQ ƃ:YgVW}s ^מ:l+16Z!tZ߇ w^uu UOmFuե:Gcݟzp`OU7eS7LΫ*1Pbl^Wږ!t+G,܀yy\lE@^rj!G-_3Fuե`⹮sFs7Λ%Qtm^W]Zcu%ͰR_RlR*T^XcGG0C({4og%QʄH'/l(*l9<_D0[;% V@и/mq :i+h1a뙿U%y"6 PYZ\'lw2@XdNj44Qnn[ua予`~XھAKAXD0SXw> ȱ`Z ܂DFJm|Ɏooߔ_['m)}}:ו亚9MMnG>s/w&uե%A~A=( <&u%f/_|7}yWގBDя%u`l5eq XyvYnwQzTV;vVK0]{aJoolίJJ l X,!Uo`$s'ή+3vz\W%t~-{^ ~H`^Wj0C&}Q $$וpsc/N8ut~Auvn~MJr] m> {]luGB@u% $0 gt*"T/}!UD "A_HB@RE*"T/}/t$IENDB`<(   6"Wagner@cs.ucr.eduN:http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~wagnerH4http://www.cs.ucr.edu/cs12/ 00DTimes New Roman@p '; DArialNew Roman@p ';  DWingdingsRoman@p '; 0DZapf Dingbatsn@p ';  ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` @88Fd         ?b$oJ'h'_En۰$۰b$U П6En۰c $ n3f3@8= >$ʚ;+4ʚ;g4UdUd@t@ppp@ <4!d!d,gX<4dddd,gX___PPT9h@ (h___PPT2001D<4X?- 2003 WL Truppel ZCS 12: Intro. Computer Science II " Lecture 1O =92CS 10 Review (Basics)Wagner Truppel Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering UC Riverside wagner@cs.ucr.edu http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~wagner http://www.cs.ucr.edu/cs12zO  O`a~Today s Topics9Number Systems Computer Organization Computer ProgrammingE4Number Systems(TThe difference between a quantity and its numerical representation Eleven dots: " " " " " " " " " " " 11 ? I say 32& Or, perhaps, 23& Or, if you prefer, 21& But also 11. How come ?`Z U $The difference between a quantity and its numerical representation Eleven dots: " " " " " " " " " " " 3 " " " and 2 " 323 2 " " " " and 3 " 234 2 " " " " " and 1 " 215 1 " " " " " " " " " " and 1 " 1110 323, 234, 215, and 1110 are different numerical representations of the same quantityZ 0 >b  Eleven dots: " " " " " " " " " " " 2 " " " " " and 1 " 215 1 " " " " " " " " " " and 1 " 1110 The subscripted numbers are called the base of the number system in question " " " " " " " " " " " = 21 in base 5 = 11 in base 10 Base b uses only the digits 0, 1, 2, & , (b-1) Examples: Base 10 uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Base 3 uses 0, 1, 2OZZZ@ nZ'Z(@0  .Example: Base 3 03 " 13 " " 23 " " " 103 " " " " 113 " " " " " 123 " " " " " " 203 " " " " " " " 213 " " " " " " " " 223 " " " " " " " " " ??Z nZ       " BExample: Base 3 " " " " " " " " " ?JZ nZ,6+ HExample: Base 3 " " " " " " " " " 303 ?`Z nZ# RExample: Base 3 " " " " " " " " " 303 ? No !VZ nZ!F5Number Systems(Example: Base 3 " " " " " " " " " 303 ? No ! " " " " " " " " " = 1 group of nine = 1 group of 3 squared = 1003 Why 3 squared? Just like 10010 = 1 group of 10 squared Just like 100010 = 1 group of 10 cubed zZ] nZ^Z? & 2184310 = 3 x 100 + 4 x 101 + 8 x 102 + 1 x 103 + 2 x 104 212013 = 1 x 30 + 0 x 31 + 2 x 32 + 1 x 33 + 2 x 34 = 110 + 010 + 1810 + 2710 + 16210 = 20810 4 n ] n         XK' 2 1 8 4 3b b0 units b1 units b2 units b3 units b4 units Remember to read from right to left ! Remember that the exponents start at 0 ! ZJ nZPZ     % Important: Base 2 (Binary System) 00002 010 " 00012 110 " " 00102 210 " " " 00112 310 " " " " 01002 410 " " " " " 01012 510 " " " " " " 01102 610 " " " " " " " 01112 710 " " " " " " " " 10002 810" n L"              The digits 02 and 12 are called Binary digits or bits 8 bits form one byte Why should we care about base2? Because: Electricity not flowing 0 Electricity flowing 1 Thus, we can represent numbers with electrical devices And that s what an electronic computer is !"vZ5ZcZ        bg Computer Organization("Ok, there s more to a computer than just that& Memory ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit) CPU (Central Processing Unit) Clock I/O devices And more& /c/   !/#Computer Programming(CWhat really happens when you write and compile a computer program ?$D9-"Computer Programming$ 2'Computer Programming(rWhere does your program reside ? When it s not running, it s stored in the hard disk When it s running, it s stored in memory Why ? What really happens when you run a computer program ?6!c6!c6,!Memory Organization()Memory contents Addresses Program counter5*Computer Programming(What really happens when you run a computer program ? We ll continue to look into that question in the next few lectures& And you ll learn the complete story when you take CS 61: Machine Organization and Assembly Language Programming<69/Reminder (Make sure to add yourself to the course mailing list (accessible from the CS12 course web page) Make sure to read handout 1: intro_comp_org.pdf It has more material than what I covered here today (also accessible from the CS12 course web page)R5Z.Z1Zg nZg>5Z61G6Reminder (&For next lecture, read handout 2: stack_frames.pdf Review chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 of Savitch s book It s easy reading, since it s all CS 10 material`"Z nZ_Z#D,0 8/PsxHH@Rg(HH(dh   ` www3ff` 3fff` ___>?" dF@,?n<dDocumentSummaryInformation8Current User.@uA @ " d`  n?" dd@   @@``PR   @ ` `P0p>> - 2003 WL Truppel ZCS 12: Intro. Computer Science II " Lecture 1  X( = 2  Nc?"! :    N dgֳgֳ ?"  T Click to edit Master title style! !<  H`cgֳgֳ ?"0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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