CS12 Topic list for final

The final is comprehensive.  All topics on the midterm topic list are
fair game.  In addition, you are responsible for the following topics:
            ^^^^^^^^^^^

Book: 3.12--3.14
      7.7
      9.1--9.12
      10.1--10.5, 10.8
      12.1--12.6
      15.1--15.4
      20.1

More on classes:
- Copy constructors
  - when used 
    - automatic
      - copies (value parameters)
      - return values
    - explicit
      - declaration and initialization in the same statement
      - to make a copy of an object: 
        A.List(B);  will make A be a copy of B
        List A(B);  will create A and place a copy of B in A.
  - why use
    - when object contains pointers
    - to avoid major problems when destructors are called
- constructor initializer lists 
  - before actual code in constructor (before the { )
  - assign values to data members
 
Pointers
 what are they (addresses of memory locations)
 declaring (must be pointer to some type
 assigning value
   of existing variable
   of another pointer (to same type)
   of dynamically allocated memory location 
 dereferencing a pointer (with *)
 Const/non-const pointers to const/non-const objects (four possibilities)
 pointer arithmetic
 pointers and arrays
 accessing array elements through pointers
 using pointers to pass parameters by reference
 strings 
   what are they (arrays of characters)
   special character '\0' (terminates all strings)
   allocating space (word length + 1)
 string manipulation using pointers
 string.h functions (no need to memorize, know they exist)
 
Pointers and classes
 the "this" pointer (used in methods only, refers to the invoking object)
 pointers to objects
  accessing object members and functions by dereferencing (*p).x or p->x
 copying objects containing dynamic data
   where problem scan occur
   overloading the == operator 
   copy constructors

Recursion
  writing recursive functions
  two conditions:
    terminating condition (base case)
    progress towards base case (problem gets smaller)
  determining the output of a recursive function 

Templates
  Template functions
   writing
   calling
  Template classes
   writing
   using
  container classes
  Standard Template Library (know it exists, what kind of things are in it).

Inheritance
 - base classes
 - derived classes
 - declaring a derived object (base class constructor called first)
 - invoking methods with derived object (derived methods used first)
 - public, private and protected data/methods
 - public, private and protected inheritance
 - invoking base class constructor in derived object constructor
   (in constructor initializer, see above)
 - base class object pointers pointing to derived objects
 - polymorphism
 - virtual functions
 - virtual destructors
 - pure virtual functions
 - abstract base classes

Lists 
 - implementations: 
   - singly linked lists 
   - doubly linked lists. 
 - operations
   - traversing 
   - inserting 
   - removing one node
   - deleting entire list
   - searching.
 - dummy nodes and their uses.
 - maintaining sorted data.

Environment and C legacy issues
  Makefiles
    what they are
    what they do
    how to use
    labels
  Compiling with g++
    flags
    executable name
  Redirecting input/output
  Arguments to main()
    argc, argv
  i/o with printf, scanf
  dynamic memory allocation with malloc()


Anything else mentioned in class may show up on the test.  Review your
notes carefully.